Overlays
Things that appear on top of the page.
Words
All learned. See them in History.
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Backdrop
The dark, see-through layer behind a pop-up.
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Command palette
A search box that opens over the page, usually with Cmd+K or Ctrl+K, and lists actions you can run.
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Context menu
A small menu of actions for one thing, opened with a right-click (or a long press on a phone).
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Drawer
A panel that slides in from the edge of the screen, over the page, and slides back out when closed.
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Dropdown menu
A list of choices that drops down from a button when you click it, and closes when you pick one or click away.
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Lightbox
A photo opened large over a darkened page, so you can look at it closely.
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Mega menu
A top-menu dropdown that opens a wide panel with many links, grouped in labeled columns.
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Modal
A box that opens on top of the page and blocks it until you close it.
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Toast
A small message that pops up for a few seconds to confirm something happened, then disappears on its own.
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Tooltip
A small label that appears when you point at or focus something, to explain what it does.