Reliability
Staying up when parts fail.
Words
All learned. See them in History.
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Circuit breaker
A wrapper around calls to another service that counts failures and, past a threshold, stops calling it for a while and fails fast instead (open).
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Graceful degradation
Designing a service so that when a dependency fails, its core job keeps working and only the extras are dropped or simplified.
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Rate limiting
Capping how many requests each client may make in a period and refusing the rest, usually with HTTP 429 Too Many Requests.